Describe modification of stem with suitable examples.
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Modifications of stem are as follows
(i) Tendrils help plants to climb on the support, e.g., cucumber.
(ii) Thorns are woody, pointed, straight structures to protect
plants from browsing animals, e.g., Baugainvillea,
(iii) Fleshy stems In plants in arid regions modify their stems into
flattened (Opuntia) or fleshy cylindrical (Euphorbia) structures.
They contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
(iv) Underground stems of some plants such as grass and
strawberry, etc., spread to new riches and when older parts die,
new plants are formed.
(v) In Pistia and Eichhornia, a lateral branch with short internodes
and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is
found.
(vi) Stolons or runners help in vegetative propagation in jasmine
and grass, respectively.